虚拟公司治理视角下国有企业产学研公共地悲剧治理研究——基于寻租、合谋、机会主义行为抑制的中介效应检验

由于受到寻租、合谋、机会主义等行为的影响,我国产学研战略远未达到预期目标。虚拟公司的公司治理理论可以为产学研在理论和实践上的发展提供引导。经验性研究揭示了在寻租、合谋、机会主义行为中介效应下,产学研虚拟公司治理对产学研公共地悲剧治理的微观促进机理。因此,我国应优先完善产学研虚拟信息披露,再逐步优化其他虚拟公司治理要素,使产学研尽早摆脱被动局面。     

“第一书记”驻村的贫困农户增收效应研究——基于华东某扶贫重点市的实证检验

帮扶单位派驻“第一书记”驻村是我国开展农村扶贫工作的有效方式之一。基于全国扶贫开发信息系统子系统中2016年和2017年华东某扶贫重点市建档立卡贫困农户的数据,采用倾向得分匹配法和双重差分法评估“第一书记”驻村对贫困农户收入的影响,结果表明：派驻“第一书记”确实能有效提高贫困农户收入,市派“第一书记”对贫困农户增收的促进作用显著大于省派和县区派“第一书记”,帮扶主体的层级越高对贫困农户的帮扶越有效的结论不具有普遍性。应推广和完善派驻“第一书记”制度,激励“第一书记”进一步发挥作用,更好地引导、帮助贫困农户脱贫致富,并积极培育乡村可持续发展的内生动力。     

Accounting Quality in Eastern Europe after Communism

Research Question/Issue: This study, in the taxonomy of Schiehll and Martins (2016 Schiehll, E. and H. C. Martins. 2016. Cross-national governance research: A systematic review and assessment. Corporate Governance: An International Review 24 (3):181–99. doi:10.1111/corg.12158.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), examines cross-national corporate governance, within their “legal” category. It rests on the understanding that to fully grasp corporate governance it is essential to understand the embedded institutions. The research question is: Does an increase in legal quality cause an associated increase in the quality of corporate governance in the form of financial reports to investors? If so, this supports the fundamental importance of legal systems to earnings quality. Reliable evidence on whether there is an association between legal quality and financial reporting quality would be an empirical association showing that where legal quality is higher, earnings quality is also higher, and conversely.

Research Findings/Insights: The results show clearly that in 2005 and 2010, when adequate data are available for testing, earnings quality is poor: far more companies show small gains than small losses. A great deal of managerial discretion is exercised in arriving at accounting figures, since many amounts depend on forecasts of future events. A significant number of firms use that latitude to show positive earnings. As to patterns of earnings management among three clusters of countries, the small number of firms generally precludes strong statistically supported evidence of management within the clusters. Nevertheless, the whole is the sum of the parts, and the parts (clusters) indicate the clusters most responsible for the overall result. There is little evidence of small gains exceeding small losses in the Baltics, greater differences in the Visegrád countries, and big differences in southern Europe.

Theoretical/Academic Implications: Based on both (a) the historical background of legal systems and (b) attitudes concerning legal quality measured at the same time as the earnings measures, the accounting results are consistent with the prediction of a strong legal culture driving effective corporate governance.

Practitioner/Policy Implications: The results show that eastern firms, on aggregate, have yet to reach the level of their western counterparts. However, the differences do not seem highly significant, and indicate that convergence is close in this area. This, in turn, should guide and encourage legislators in their work.     

Do Chinese corporations take their governance practices abroad? Evidence from Chinese mining subsidiaries in Australia

Directors of firms are theorized to fulfil control, service and resource dependence roles. However, the ways in which directors’ of Chinese MNCs govern their foreign subsidiaries, and perform these roles remains unclear. Building on the institutional logics perspective, this study explores the roles enacted by the boards of directors eight Chinese‐controlled companies in Australia to gain an appreciation of their governance practices. In depth semi‐structured interviews with insider and independent directors, consultants and market analysts were undertaken. A content analysis of company annual reports and web sites complimented primary sources of data on board functions. Findings reveal that control is the most dominant role played by these boards, rather than service or resource dependence. It also appears that the dominant logics of Chinese institutions influence the corporate governance of Chinese MNCs as they internationalize. These findings extend our understanding of corporate governance practices in China and abroad.     

Corporate spinoffs and executive compensation

This paper investigates the impact of corporate spinoffs on executive compensation. We find no significant association between executive compensation and stock returns prior to spinoffs, but a significant positive association between the two afterwards. We also find evidence that corporate governance generally improves after the spinoff. In addition, the positive association between executive compensation and stock returns is more pronounced for firms with greater improvements in their corporate governance. Overall, our findings support the notion that spinoffs create value by reducing agency costs.     

Corporate Governance Reforms in the Post-1997 Asian Crisis: Is There Really a Convergence to the Anglo-American Model?

Abstract

Following the 1997-Asian crisis, a number of crisis-hit countries were committed to the rapid transformation of the corporate governance system to one that is modeled after the Anglo-American system. This, as the article argues, is based on a false premise, that what may have worked in the United States/United Kingdom can also be applied in East Asia. In this regard, the convergence at the firm level is seen to be more in “form” rather than in “substance”. This study assesses Singapore's corporate system in terms of its recognition of the merits of the Western model. It then details the corporate governance style of Temasek Holdings Limited (THL), a state- owned enterprise (SOE) in charge of monitoring government investments in companies. The choice of THL as a case study is based on the premise that THL operates very much like a private sector corporation. In addition, it has the ability to influence the standard of corporate governance of Singaporean SOEs. Because the SOEs are large players in their respective industries, the corporate governance of SOEs establish the standards and expectations for monitoring in non-SOEs. There are indications to suggest that the THL has taken into consideration certain aspects of corporate governance practices that may not necessarily be in line with those advocated by the Singapore government. The article argues that selective adaptation such as the style adopted in the THL more realistically portrays the corporate governance practices of East Asian corporations.     

Independence and Architecture of Financial Supervision: With Focus on the Effects on Banking Stability

Abstract

Empirical work on the performances of supervisory governance and architecture is scarce relative to the intensifying debates on related institutional arrangements. Using an expansive panel data-set, this paper is a first attempt to explore the effects of governance, architecture and their interactions on banking stability. Empirical analyses reveal that independence matters, as a major governance factor, and the two critical architecture factors, the integration of authorities and the central bank' involvement undermine banking stability. Also, in spite of the interaction between independence and architecture, its effect appears to be limited.     

社会转型与国家审计的治理功用：基于嵌入理论的视角

根据波兰尼的嵌入理论,分析在中国市场经济快速增长的背景下“经济脱嵌社会”导致的社会自发保护问题,通过国家审计视角,阐明国家审计在促进平等和保障安全中发挥的作用、途径,并提出了相应的完善对策和措施,从而丰富国家审计与国家治理方面的研究。     

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接——论国家治理的“有效”与“长效机制”

打赢脱贫攻坚战、全面建成小康社会后,“巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接”成为“三农”领域的战略重点和核心议题。然而现有文献对“有效”或“有效性”本源的理论内涵研究不足,导致对是否“有效”的评判标准模糊,难以科学评价衔接的“有效性”。本文认为：从短期视角（完成各项治理的自然周期）来看,国家治理“有效”最终表现为在“合法性”与“有效性”耦合推进下实现乃至超越预期的治理目标和效果。具体来讲,在治理路径上需要“自上而下”与“自下而上”合力推进,在治理行为上需要“统一行动”与“先行带动”协同互促,进而通过“正向累进”与“负向改进”双重递增来持续提高治理功效,以达成治理“有效”。从长期视角（低阶治理向高阶治理演进）来看,低阶治理“有效”完成后,会在治理“合法性”升级的推动下进入高阶治理,并对治理“有效性”提出新的更高的标准和要求。因此,国家治理“有效”的“长效机制”即在治理体系不断完善、治理能力不断提升、治理韧性不断强化的基础上,通过“进阶演进”与“突变提升”不断实现从低阶治理向高阶治理的持续进化。脱贫攻坚“有效”完成后,在全面建设社会主义现代化国家、扎实推进共同富裕等宏观背景下的治理“合法性”和“有效性”升级,必然促成从脱贫攻坚的低阶治理向乡村振兴的高阶治理进化,因而“巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接”成为乡村治理进阶过渡阶段的核心任务。在具体的乡村治理实践中,实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴衔接的“有效”,需要进一步完善“自上而下”的推进机制,畅通“自下而上”的反馈渠道,双向合力实现治理路径“有效”;需要科学统筹“统一行动”,充分激励“先行带动”,双管齐下实现治理行为“有效”;需要持续强化“正向累进”效应,积极发挥“负向改进”作用,双重递增实现治理功效“有效”;同时,要善于将脱贫攻坚的“有效”经验和模式经过改进升级后应用于乡村振兴实践中,积极妥善地应对各种突发负面冲击,顺利实现从脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴的“进阶演进”,并加快推进乡村治理体系和治理能力现代化。本文尝试基于国家治理理论对“有效”及“有效性”的本源内涵进行解析,进而提出实现国家治理“有效”的治理路径、治理行为、治理功效和“长效机制”,为国家治理的“有效性”及“长效机制”分析提供了一个理论框架,并为实现“巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接”提供了路径启示和政策参考。     

公司治理结构的民族文化根源性思考

不同模式的公司治理结构都带有鲜明的民族特色,民族文化对公司治理结构发展的潜在主导性也已被广泛认同。作者从民族文化的根源性角度对美、日、德三种不同模式的公司治理结构作了较为深入的探讨,并结合中国民族文化对中国公司治理结构改革提出了一些启示和看法。